European Central Bank
Supranational central bank in Europe
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| 2025 | ECB scheduled to conduct another comprehensive strategy review. |
| 2024 | Sharon Donnery begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| 2024 | Patrick Montagner begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| 2024 | Pedro Machado begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| November 2024 | ECB updates its monetary policy instruments, establishing a rate corridor with Marginal Lending Facility at 3.65% and Deposit Facility at 3.25% for overnight transactions. |
| January 1 2024 | Claudia Buch begins her term as Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| 2023 | The European Parliament and the ECB formally signed an exchange of letters to solidify their accountability arrangements. |
| 2023 | The European Central Bank (ECB) officially recognised the potential role of the European Parliament in prioritising its secondary objectives, acknowledging the need for closer consultation on broader policy considerations beyond price stability. |
| December 31 2023 | Andrea Enria concludes his term as Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| November 1 2023 | Piero Cipollone joined the Executive Board as a member, with a term set to continue until 31 October 2031 |
| September 2023 | Paul de Grauwe delivers a lecture at the Bundesbank discussing his views on central bank monetary policy and reserve remuneration. |
| July 2023 | Paul de Grauwe publishes 'Towards monetary policies that do not subsidise banks', a critique of central bank reserves policy, co-authored with Yuemei Ji. |
| February 2023 | Over 90% of global economies had raised their policy rates, marking the most synchronized global monetary tightening cycle in half a century. |
| January 2023 | Croatia became the latest country to join the Eurozone, further expanding the ECB's membership. |
| 2022 | Anneli Tuominen begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank |
| 2022 | The European Central Bank (ECB) published its first comprehensive report detailing the nationality composition of its staff, which revealed an over-representation of German and Italian employees, including in management positions. |
| 2022 | Inflation rates in the eurozone escalated to double digits for the first time since the 1970s, one year after the ECB's strategic policy updates. |
| November 2022 | The Federal Reserve began reducing its asset purchase program. |
| September 2022 | The ECB's main interest rate reached 4%, signaling a significant monetary policy shift to combat inflation. |
| July 2022 | The European Central Bank decided to raise interest rates for the first time since the sovereign debt crisis, with the eurozone inflation rate reaching 8.9%. |
| July 21 2022 | The European Central Bank introduced the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI), a new tool designed to ensure monetary policy decisions are smoothly transmitted across euro area countries by purchasing securities in the secondary market to counter market volatility and potential economic fragmentation. |
| March 2022 | The Federal Reserve initiated its first policy rate hikes in response to rising inflation. |
| March 2022 | The ECB ended its pandemic emergency purchase program (PEPP) and began systematically reducing net asset purchases. |
| March 31 2022 | PEPP net purchases concluded, totaling €1.718 billion (€1.665 billion in public sector securities and €52 billion in private sector securities), representing 93% of the total PEPP envelope. |
| 2021 | The European Central Bank faced significant criticism for its methods of inflation estimation and failure to anticipate the inflation surge, challenging traditional economic forecasting tools like the Phillips Curve. |
| 2021 | The eurozone experienced a surge of inflation, prompting a key debate among policymakers about whether the inflationary trend would be transitory or permanent. Initially, both the ECB and the Federal Reserve misjudged the situation, assuming the inflation spike to be temporary. |
| December 2021 | ECB announced plans to discontinue net PEPP purchases by the end of March 2022 and continue reinvesting principal payments from maturing securities until at least the end of 2024. |
| November 2021 | Central banks begin adopting a new procedure of increasing interest rates by raising remuneration on bank reserves in response to rising inflation. |
| November 2021 | Inflation rate in the eurozone reached an unprecedented peak of 4.9%, marking the highest level since the euro's introduction. This continued the inflationary trend that began earlier in the year. |
| July 13 2021 | ECB presented the outcomes of its strategy review, announcing a new 2% inflation target, plans to incorporate housing costs into inflation measurement, and an action plan on climate change. |
| July 8 2021 | Under President Christine Lagarde's strategic review, the ECB officially adopted a new 2% symmetric inflation target, abandoning its previous 'below but close to two per cent' definition. |
| June 2021 | The European Central Bank announced a revised monetary policy framework and launched an initiative for climate action during the summer, coinciding with the beginning of a significant inflation surge in the eurozone. |
| March 2021 | A group of German economists and lawyers filed a lawsuit against the PEPP (Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme) at the German Federal Constitutional Court. |
| February 2021 | Frank Elderson begins his term as Vice Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank. |
| 2020 | Bulgaria and Croatia joined the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank. |
| 2020 | ECB began an extended strategy review in response to the COVID-19 crisis, initially postponing its completion. |
| December 15 2020 | Frank Elderson became a Member of the Executive Board and Vice-chair of the Supervisory Board, with a term running until 14 December 2028 |
| December 10 2020 | ECB announced a final PEPP expansion of €500 billion, bringing the total to €1.850 trillion, equivalent to 15.4% of the euro-area GDP from 2019. |
| June 4 2020 | ECB expanded the PEPP by an additional €600 billion as the pandemic's economic impact became more apparent. |
| May 5 2020 | German Constitutional Court ordered the Bundestag and Bundesregierung to ensure ECB carried out a proportionality assessment of government debt purchases. |
| April 30 2020 | The ECB Governing Council introduced additional economic support measures during the Covid-19 pandemic, including new modalities for TLTRO III and introducing PELTROs (Pandemic Emergency Long-Term Refinancing Operations). |
| March 19 2020 | ECB launched the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) worth €750 billion to boost liquidity and contain sovereign yield spreads, which immediately improved stock prices. |
| March 12 2020 | ECB announced initial policy measures in response to COVID-19, including an additional €120 billion in net asset purchases under the APP and more favorable TLTRO III terms. Christine Lagarde's statement about not closing spreads triggered a negative market reaction. |
| January 1 2020 | Isabel Schnabel joined the Executive Board, with a term set to continue until 31 December 2027 |
| 2019 | Edouard Fernandez-Bollo begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank (serving until 2024) |
| 2019 | Elizabeth McCaul begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank (serving until 2024) |
| 2019 | Kerstin af Jochnick begins term on the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank (serving until 2024) |
| November 2019 | Lagarde initiated a comprehensive strategic review of the ECB's monetary policy strategy, the first such review in 17 years, signaling a new approach to monetary policy. |
| November 2019 | ECB restarted net purchases of corporate bonds. |
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