Kurdish language
Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum
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| 2025 |
Iraq
Iraq expressed willingness to act as a mediator between Ukraine and Russia.
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| March 29 2025 |
Syria
The second Syrian transitional government is announced by President Ahmed al-Sharaa at a ceremony at the People's Palace in Damascus, with new ministers sworn in.
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| 2025 |
Iraq
Parliament speaker Mahmoud al-Mashhadani declared Iraq stable in terms of security and economy, emphasizing the country's non-aligned approach.
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| March 13 2025 |
Syria
Ahmed al-Sharaa signed an interim constitution covering a five-year transitional period.
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| March 10 2025 |
Syria
SDF agreed to merge with Syria Armed Forces after Abdi met with Syrian transitional president Ahmed al-Sharaa.
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| March 8 2025 |
Syria
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported a massacre of over 700 Alawite civilians by Syrian security forces and pro-government fighters during clashes in western Syria.
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| 2025 |
Turkey
PKK declared a ceasefire.
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| March 1 2025 |
Syria
Planned end of the initial transitional government period led by Mohammed al-Bashir.
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| February 23 2025 |
Syria
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu demands complete demilitarization of southern Syrian provinces and withdrawal of Syrian forces from territory south of Damascus. Syria's transitional President Ahmed al-Sharaa condemns Israel's occupation.
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| February 12 2025 |
Syria
Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani announces a new government will be formed by March 1.
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| February 2025 |
Syria
The SDF, Autonomous Administration, and Syrian Democratic Council decided in a meeting that SDF would merge with the Syrian Armed Forces.
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| February 2025 |
Iran
The New York Times reported insights from Karim Sadjadpour about Iran's dual regime structure, highlighting the parallel power systems controlled by military/intelligence forces and diplomats/politicians.
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| January 29 2025 |
Syria
Syrian General Command appoints Ahmed al-Sharaa as president during the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference at the Presidential Palace.
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| January 2025 |
Syria
American sanctions remain in place, and the Syrian economy is in a poor state following the regime change.
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| January 2025 |
Syria
Syria's economy remains in a poor state, with many American sanctions still in place following the regime change.
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| 2024 |
Iraq
Minister of Health Salih Hasnawi reported construction of 13 new hospitals, three specialized centers, two burn units, and 25 kidney treatment centers across governorates, with plans to build 16 more 100-bed hospitals.
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| 2024 |
Turkey
Turkey stopped trading with Israel following the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip.
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| 2024 |
Turkey
Turkey's first communication satellite, Türksat 6A, is planned to be launched.
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| 2024 |
Turkey
Turkey, Iraq, UAE, and Qatar signed an agreement to link Iraqi port facilities to Turkey via road and rail connections.
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| 2024 |
Turkey
An electron accelerator called TARLA became operational as part of a planned particle accelerator center.
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| 2024 |
Syria
Syria's GDP was reported at $6.2 billion. New government vowed to stop captagon production and rebuild oil industry.
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| 2024 |
Iraq
Iraqi government inaugurates 790 new schools across the country, part of the framework agreement with China to address educational infrastructure challenges.
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| 2024 |
Iraq
President Mohammed Shi'a Al-Sudani inaugurated Shaab General Hospital in Baghdad, the first new general hospital in nearly 40 years, featuring 246 beds and state-of-the-art infrastructure.
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| 2024 |
Iraq
Iraqi government launched a joint operation and management program for modern hospitals at the newly opened Najaf Teaching Hospital. The Ministry of Health also reported constructing 13 new hospitals, three specialized centers, two burn units, and 25 kidney treatment centers, with plans to build 16 additional 100-bed hospitals.
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| December 2024 |
Iran
The fall of the Assad regime in Syria, a close Iranian ally, represented a significant political setback for Iran's regional influence.
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| December 2024 |
Syria
During its invasion of Syria, Israel takes control of the U.N.-patrolled buffer zone on Syrian territory, violating the 1974 disengagement agreement.
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| December 22 2024 |
Syria
Aisha al-Dibs is appointed as the Minister of Women's Affairs in the transitional government.
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| December 12 2024 |
Syria
Transitional government spokesman announces suspension of constitution and parliament for a three-month term, with plans to establish a judicial and human rights committee to review and amend the constitution.
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| December 12 2024 |
Syria
Syrian constitution and parliament suspended during the transitional period.
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| December 11 2024 |
Syria
A ceasefire was reached between Turkish-backed Syrian National Army fighters and U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in northern Syria.
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| December 8 2024 |
Syria
Opposition forces capture Damascus, toppling Bashar al-Assad's government and ending the Assad family's 53-year rule. Assad flees to Moscow.
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| December 8 2024 |
Syria
Fall of the Ba'athist regime in Syria, marking a significant political transition and potential disruption to the country's illegal drug industry.
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| December 5 2024 |
Syria
Rebel forces capture the city of Hama during a major offensive.
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| October 27 2024 |
Iran
Israel conducts strikes on an Iranian missile defence system in the Isfahan region in response to Iran's earlier missile attack.
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| October 1 2024 |
Iran
Iran launches approximately 180 ballistic missiles at Israel in retaliation for assassinations of key regional figures.
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| June 2024 |
Iran
Reformist Masoud Pezeshkian, former Minister of Health, is elected president in a national election.
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| May 2024 |
Iran
President Ebrahim Raisi is killed in a helicopter crash.
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| April 2024 |
Iran
Israel conducts an airstrike on an Iranian consulate, killing an IRGC commander. Iran retaliates with a massive drone and missile strike against Israel, marking its first direct attack on the country.
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| April 2024 |
Iran
The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) discovered 10 giant shale oil deposits, totaling 2.6 billion barrels of oil reserves.
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| February 2024 |
Iran
Iran launched its domestically developed imaging satellite, Pars 1, from Russia into orbit, continuing its scientific collaboration with Russia.
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| January 2024 |
Iran
Iran launched the Soraya satellite to its highest orbit yet (750 km) using the Qaem 100 rocket, achieving a new space launch milestone.
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| January 2024 |
Iran
Iran simultaneously launched three indigenous satellites (Mahda, Kayan, and Hatef) into orbit using the Simorgh carrier rocket, a first in the country's history.
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| January 2024 |
Iraq
During Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's visit to Baghdad, a quadrilateral memorandum of understanding was signed between Iraq, Turkey, Qatar, and UAE for the Iraq Development Road project, a 1,200-kilometer railway and highway connection to the Grand Faw Port, estimated to cost $17 billion and planned for completion by 2025.
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| 2023 |
Iraq
Hosted an economic conference focused on Economic Integration and Regional Stability.
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| 2023 |
Iraq
Iraq hosted an economic conference focusing on Economic Integration and Regional Stability.
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| 2023 |
Turkey
The most recent parliamentary and presidential elections were held in Turkey, with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan continuing to serve as president and Özgür Özel becoming the Main Opposition Leader.
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| 2023 |
Turkey
Total fertility rate declined to 1.51 children per woman, falling below the replacement rate of 2.10.
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| 2023 |
Turkey
Population growth rate slowed to 0.1%, with total population reaching 85,372,377 (excluding Syrians under temporary protection).
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| 2023 |
Turkey
Fenerbahçe won the FIBA Europe SuperCup Women after two consecutive Euroleague wins in the 2022–23 and 2023–24 seasons.
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