Physics beyond the Standard Model
Theories trying to extend known physics
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We include updates on Dark matter, Large Hadron Collider, Axion, Quantum gravity, Supersymmetry, Proton decay, Loop quantum gravity, CP violation, Modified Newtonian dynamics, Cosmological constant problem, Neutrino oscillation, Mirror matter, Super-Kamiokande, Weakly interacting massive particle, Hierarchy problem, Galaxy rotation curve ... and more.
| March 2025 |
CP violation
LHCb announced discovery of CP violation in baryon decays with a deviation from zero of 5.2 standard deviations.
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| 2024 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A study claimed that the universe's earliest galaxies formed and grew too rapidly to be explained by the Lambda-CDM model, but such rapid growth was predicted by MOND theory.
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| 2023 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A research study concluded that cold dark matter cannot adequately explain galactic rotation curves, while MOND provides a more comprehensive explanation.
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| 2023 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A study measured the acceleration of 26,615 wide binaries within 200 parsecs, demonstrating systematic deviations from Newtonian dynamics and conformity with MOND (AQUAL) predictions. The results remain disputed among researchers.
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| 2022 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Kroupa et al. published a study of open star clusters, arguing that asymmetry in tidal tails and cluster lifetimes are inconsistent with Newtonian dynamics but consistent with MOND theory.
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| 2022 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A survey of dwarf galaxies from the Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) catalogue was published, with astronomers and physicists concluding that observed deformations of dwarf galaxies in the Fornax Cluster and the lack of low surface brightness dwarfs towards its centre are incompatible with ΛCDM expectations but consistent with MOND theory.
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| 2021 |
Cosmological constant problem
Nikita Blinov and Patrick Draper confirm through the holographic principle that the CKN bound predicts the measured cosmological constant while maintaining effective field theory predictions.
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| 2021 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Unnamed researchers proposed a new relativistic model of MOND that is compatible with cosmic microwave background observations.
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| 2020 | A measurement of a unique MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) effect was recorded, offering another alternative explanation to dark matter. |
| 2020 |
CP violation
T2K Collaboration reported first indications of CP violation in leptons through neutrino beam experiments, though the results were not yet precisely determined.
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| 2020 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A group of astronomers analyzed data from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample and galaxy catalogs, finding statistically significant evidence of violations of the strong equivalence principle in weak gravitational fields near rotationally supported galaxies. Their findings were consistent with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and inconsistent with the Lambda-CDM cosmological model.
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| October 2020 |
Light dark matter
SENSEI experiment published its most recent results on ruling out possible mass ranges of dark matter below 1 GeV using silicon detector and CCD technology.
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| 2019 | Observations of Andromeda showed a lack of microlensing effects, suggesting tiny black holes do not exist in significant numbers. |
| 2019 |
Supergravity
Dan Freedman, Sergio Ferrara, and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen were awarded a special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for their discovery of supergravity.
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| 2019 |
Topcolor
Topcolor theory was revisited with the concept of 'scalar democracy', proposing that multiple composite Higgs bosons could form at very high energies, potentially composed of known quarks and leptons bound by a universal force.
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| March 2019 |
CP violation
LHCb announced discovery of CP violation in charmed D^0 decays, with a deviation from zero of 5.3 standard deviations.
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| 2018 |
Cosmological constant problem
A mechanism for cancelling the cosmological constant (Λ) is proposed using a symmetry breaking potential in a Lagrangian formalism, where standard matter's pressure counterbalances the cosmological constant's action.
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| 2018 |
Cosmological constant problem
Luongo and Muccino propose a mechanism for cancelling the cosmological constant using a symmetry breaking potential, suggesting that standard matter can counterbalance the vacuum energy.
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| July 2018 |
Kaluza–Klein theory
A research article challenges the theory of gravity leaking into higher dimensions while supporting the shared dimensional nature of electromagnetism and gravity, lending partial credence to Kaluza-Klein theory.
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| 2016 | A test of gravitational lensing in entropic gravity provided a scattered success for alternative hypotheses to dark matter. |
| 2015 | Gravitational wave measurements detected the merger of intermediate-mass black holes, which increased interest in primordial black holes as a potential dark matter explanation. |
| 2015 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Launch of the LISA Pathfinder mission, which was proposed as a potential experimental platform for testing Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) theories, particularly to detect anomalous tidal stresses and potential gravitational corrections in the Solar System.
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| 2013 |
CP violation
LHCb announced discovery of CP violation in strange B meson decays.
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| 2012 |
Light dark matter
XENON10 experiment placed the first sub GeV limits on dark matter mass using direct detection method.
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| 2011 |
CP violation
LHCb experiment at CERN reported a hint of CP violation in neutral D meson decays using partial Run 1 data.
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| 2010 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
QUMOND (quasi-linear formulation of MOND) is first formulated, becoming the dominant MOND field theory due to its computational friendliness and intuitiveness for numerical simulations.
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| December 2010 |
Kaluza–Klein theory
LHC analysis severely constrains theories with large extra dimensions, providing significant empirical limitations for Kaluza-Klein theory.
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Supergravity, Loop quantum gravity, Light dark matter, Dark matter, Cosmological constant problem, Kaluza–Klein theory, CP violation, Topcolor, Mirror matter, Modified Newtonian dynamics, Mass generation & Standard-Model Extension, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.