Toxicology
Study of substances harmful to living organisms
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| March 18 2025 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Arkansas Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders signs a bill authorizing nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.
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| March 18 2025 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Jessie Hoffman Jr. became the first inmate executed by nitrogen hypoxia in Louisiana, ending the state's 15-year pause on executions.
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| March 2025 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Arkansas Legislature votes to authorize nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.
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| February 6 2025 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Execution of Demetrius Terrence Frazier via nitrogen asphyxiation in Alabama.
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| November 2024 |
Methanol toxicity
Six foreign tourists (two Australian teenagers, two Danish women, a British lawyer, and an American tourist) died from suspected methanol poisoning at the Nana Backpackers Hostel in Vang Vieng, Laos. Eight hostel staff members were detained, and the incident led to international travel advisories and significant impacts on Laos's tourism industry.
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| November 21 2024 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Carey Dale Grayson and Demetrius Terrence Frazier are executed by nitrogen gas in Alabama.
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| November 21 2024 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Execution of Carey Dale Grayson via nitrogen asphyxiation in Alabama.
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| September 26 2024 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Execution of Alan Eugene Miller via nitrogen asphyxiation in Alabama.
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| March 5 2024 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry signs a law allowing executions to be carried out via nitrogen gas.
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| February 16 2024 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
The Russian prison service reported that Navalny had died at the age of 47.
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| January 25 2024 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Alabama executed convicted murderer Kenneth Eugene Smith using nitrogen asphyxiation, marking the world's first instance of this execution method.
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| December 2023 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny went missing from prison for almost three weeks and later re-emerged in an Arctic Circle corrective colony in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
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| October 2023 |
Miracle Mineral Supplement
Mark and Joseph Grenon received 60-month sentences, while Jonathan and Jordan Grenon received 151-month sentences for contempt of court related to MMS sales.
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| August 2023 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny was sentenced to an additional 19 years in prison on extremism charges.
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| August 2023 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Alabama Department of Corrections releases protocol for nitrogen hypoxia executions, designating Kenneth Eugene Smith as the first death row inmate to undergo this method.
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| July 21 2023 |
Miracle Mineral Supplement
Mark and Joseph Grenon were found guilty of defrauding the United States, distributing an unapproved drug, and distributing a misbranded drug.
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| 2022 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Documentary 'Navalny', directed by Daniel Roher, was released recounting the details of Alexei Navalny's assassination attempt. The film received critical acclaim, with 99% positive reviews on Rotten Tomatoes and a score of 82/100 on Metacritic.
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| June 2022 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny was transferred to a high-security prison after his appeal was rejected.
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| March 2022 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny was sentenced to an additional nine years in prison after being found guilty of embezzlement and contempt of court in a trial described as a sham by Amnesty International.
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| 2021 |
Inert gas asphyxiation
Six people died and 11 were hospitalized due to asphyxiation following a liquid nitrogen leak at a poultry plant in Gainesville, Georgia.
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| November 2021 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
55 states parties to the OPCW published a statement condemning the use of a toxic chemical weapon against Navalny, confirming the presence of cholinease inhibitors consistent with the Novichok series and urging Russia to provide answers to OPCW questions.
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| September 2021 |
Miracle Mineral Supplement
Additional police raids were conducted against chlorine dioxide manufacturers and sellers in Argentina.
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| April 2021 |
Grape toxicity in dogs
A letter to the editor of JAVMA was published hypothesizing that tartaric acid in grapes could be the cause of grape toxicity in dogs.
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| March 2021 |
Miracle Mineral Supplement
Police conducted raids targeting locations manufacturing and selling chlorine dioxide in Argentina.
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| February 2021 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny's suspended sentence was replaced with a prison sentence of over two and a half years, and his organizations were subsequently designated as extremist and liquidated.
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| January 2021 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny returned to Russia and was immediately detained on accusations of violating parole conditions while he was previously hospitalized in Germany.
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| January 2021 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Bellingcat and Der Spiegel conducted a follow-up investigation linking the FSB unit to the deaths of activists Timur Kuashev (2014), Ruslan Magomedragimov (2015), and potentially Nikita Isayev (2019).
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| January 2021 |
Miracle Mineral Supplement
A 92-year-old coronavirus patient died after a judge ordered a clinic to administer chlorine dioxide at the family's request.
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| 2020 |
Squalene
Conservationists raised significant concerns about potential shark slaughter for extracting squalene to be used in COVID-19 vaccine production, highlighting environmental and ethical issues in squalene sourcing.
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| 2020 | Angela Karp becomes the director of Rothamsted Research, continuing its long leadership tradition. |
| 2020 |
Hazardous Substances Data Bank
Scientific Review Panel (SRP) was terminated due to budget cuts and realignment of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
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| 2020 |
Methanol toxicity
The US Food and Drug Administration discovered and warned about several Mexican-manufactured hand sanitizer brands containing methanol during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 2020 |
Methanol toxicity
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly 300 people in Iran died and over a thousand became ill from methanol poisoning, after believing drinking methanol could help treat the disease.
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| December 21 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny released a recorded telephone conversation with FSB operative Konstantin Borisovich Kudryavtsev, who unwittingly confessed details about the poisoning attempt, including that Novichok was applied to Navalny's underwear at a hotel in Tomsk.
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| December 14 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Bellingcat and The Insider, in collaboration with CNN, Der Spiegel, and Anti-Corruption Foundation, published a joint investigation revealing FSB agents' involvement in Navalny's poisoning. The investigation tracked a special FSB chemical substances unit that had been surveilling Navalny since 2017.
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| December 13 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
The Sunday Times reports, based on anonymous intelligence sources, that Navalny was poisoned a second time while in hospital in Omsk. Intelligence agents had allegedly entered Navalny's hotel room in Tomsk and contaminated his clothing and personal items with Novichok.
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| October 6 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
OPCW officially announced the confirmation of Navalny's poisoning by a Novichok nerve agent, identifying a compound with structural similarities to A-232 and A-242 chemical weapons.
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| September 22 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny was discharged from the hospital after treatment for Novichok nerve agent poisoning.
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| September 15 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny posts his first picture on social media since the poisoning and his spokeswoman announces he plans to return to Russia.
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| September 14 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Navalny is taken off the ventilator and is able to get out of bed at Charité hospital.
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| September 8 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet called on Russia to conduct a transparent, independent investigation into Navalny's poisoning.
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| September 7 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Doctors announced that Navalny was taken out of the induced coma and his condition had improved.
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| September 6 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas discussed potential targeted sanctions against Russia and suggested the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline could be reconsidered if Russia does not cooperate in the investigation.
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| September 5 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
Donald Trump announced the United States would soon receive documents from Germany about the Navalny case.
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| September 3 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
The European Council classified the incident as an 'assassination attempt'.
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| September 3 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) received a request from the German government for assistance in investigating Navalny's poisoning. An OPCW team visited Charité Hospital, confirmed Navalny's identity, and supervised blood and urine sample collection.
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| September 2 2020 |
Poisoning of Alexei Navalny
The German government officially announced that scientists at the Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology confirmed Navalny was poisoned with a Novichok-type nerve agent, with traces found in his blood, urine, and on a water bottle.
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Squalene, Methanol toxicity, Miracle Mineral Supplement, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Poisoning of Alexei Navalny, Inert gas asphyxiation, Rothamsted Research, Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances & Grape toxicity in dogs, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.