Bolivarian Revolution

21st-century political process in Venezuela

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January 10 2025 Sworn in for his third term as president.
2024 Ran for a third term in an election where the Maduro-aligned CNE claimed victory without providing evidence, leading to a political crisis.
2024 Maduro won a third presidential election with 51.2% of the votes in the first round, continuing his leadership of Venezuela.
2024 Nicolás Maduro launched his presidential re-election campaign, seeking another term as President of Venezuela despite widespread international criticism and concerns about the democratic legitimacy of the election process.
September 2024 An Argentine federal court issued an arrest warrant against Maduro and several other Venezuelan officials for crimes against humanity.
December 3 2023 Promoted and held a consultative referendum on Venezuela's claim to the Essequibo region, with nearly 100% voting in favor of Venezuela's claims.
September 2023 Visited China, requesting support to join BRICS and signing an agreement for training Venezuelan astronauts.
June 2023 Made an official state visit to Saudi Arabia.
June 2023 Maduro made an official state visit to Saudi Arabia.
February 2023 A Datincorp poll concluded that only 15.69% of voters would support Maduro as a candidate for the upcoming 2024 presidential elections.
November 27 2022 Engaged in diplomatic interactions during the UN Climate Change Conference, leading to the United States easing sanctions on Venezuela and allowing Chevron Corporation to work with the Venezuelan government.
October 2022 Maduro's nephews were freed in a prisoner swap for seven jailed Americans.
November 4 2021 ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation into the situation in Venezuela.
September 16 2021 The Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela released its second report, which critically examined judicial independence under Maduro's leadership. The report concluded that the Venezuelan justice system has been deeply eroded, systematically aiding state repression and perpetuating impunity for human rights violations.
2020 Maduro was featured and mocked in the revival of the Animaniacs animated series, which highlighted Venezuela's hyperinflation.
December 14 2020 The Office of the Prosecutor released a report stating there was a 'reasonable basis' to believe civilian authorities, armed forces members, and pro-government individuals committed crimes against humanity since at least April 2017.
May 3 2020 Prevented an attempted overthrow by armed Venezuelan dissidents organized by an American private security company, Silvercorp USA, resulting in eight attackers killed and thirteen captured.
March 26 2020 The US Department of Justice charged Maduro and other Venezuelan officials with 'narco-terrorism', accusing them of shipping cocaine to the US and organizing drug transportation routes. The US offered a $15 million reward for information leading to Maduro's arrest.
April 2019 US Department of State communication highlighted a 2017 National Assembly investigation revealing that the government overpaid for food, with Maduro's inner circle allegedly profiting over $200 million and distributing food boxes in exchange for votes.
March 2019 The Wall Street Journal reported that barrios were turning against Maduro, with 50 people killed by security forces in the first two months of the year and 653 arrested for protesting or speaking against the government.
March 12 2019 Venezuelan press workers union reported 40 journalists had been unlawfully arrested by this date.
March 4 2019 Datanálisis poll showed Maduro's approval at an all-time low of 14%, with Guaidó receiving 61% approval and 77% support in a theoretical election.
February 1 2019 A Meganálisis survey of 1,030 Venezuelans found only 4.1% recognized Maduro as president, while 84.6% recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president.
January 2019 Start of intensified media suppression, including disruptions of National Assembly and Guaido's speeches, television and radio channel censorship, and journalist detentions.
January 23 2019 Faced a presidential crisis when Juan Guaidó was declared interim president by the opposition legislative body.
January 10 2019 Sworn in for a second term amid widespread international condemnation.
January 10 2019 Nicolás Maduro was sworn in as president amid widespread international condemnation, with the Organization of American States (OAS) immediately approving a resolution declaring his presidency illegitimate and calling for new elections.
2018
Hugo Chávez
Two documentaries released about him: Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century analyzing his rise to power, and El pueblo soy yo exploring his populism.
2018 Nicolás Maduro won the presidential election with 67.8% of the vote, a result widely denounced as fraudulent by most neighboring countries, international organizations, and Western powers including Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
2018 A Board of Independent Experts from the Organization of American States (OAS) published a 400-page report detailing potential crimes against humanity committed during Maduro's presidency, concluding Maduro could be responsible for dozens of murders, thousands of extra-judicial executions, over 12,000 arbitrary detentions, and over 290 cases of torture.
December 2018 Leaked videos and pictures revealed a luxurious Christmas party at the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice, featuring an expensive feast with French wine, which was heavily criticized on social media during Venezuela's economic crisis.
November 2018 UNHCR and IOM reported that the number of Venezuelan refugees had risen to 3 million, with most migrating to other Latin American countries and the Caribbean.
October 18 2018 Mexican prosecutors accused the Venezuelan government of buying poor-quality food products for CLAP and artificially inflating their export value.
September 2018 Maduro dined at Salt Bae's luxury restaurant in Istanbul, receiving a personalized shirt and cigar box, which drew international criticism and anger from impoverished Venezuelans.
September 2018 Meganálisis polls found 84.6% of Venezuelans wanted Maduro and his government removed from power.
September 27 2018 Six states parties to the Rome Statute (Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru) referred the situation in Venezuela since 12 February 2014 to the ICC, requesting Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda to initiate an investigation into crimes against humanity.
August 15 2018 Maduro was sentenced to 18 years and 3 months in prison by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile, found guilty of corruption and money laundering.
August 4 2018 Survived a drone attack during a military address, with at least two drones armed with explosives detonating near his location.
May 2018 Prematurely held Venezuelan presidential elections take place, further solidifying international perceptions of Maduro's authoritarian rule.
May 20 2018 Presidential elections held with controversial voting conditions.
May 20 2018 Held presidential elections amidst international scrutiny.
May 18 2018 The US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) placed sanctions on high-level official Diosdado Cabello, alleging involvement in money laundering, embezzlement, and drug trafficking activities.
March 29 2018 Maduro was sanctioned by the Panamanian government for alleged involvement with money laundering, financing of terrorism, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
February 2018 The International Criminal Court (ICC) announced it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities.
January 11 2018 The Supreme Tribunal of Justice in exile decreed the nullity of the 2013 presidential elections, questioning Maduro's eligibility to hold the presidency due to potential dual nationality.
2017 A study was published analyzing the spread of Bolivarianism, concluding that it failed to expand in Latin American countries with strong democratic institutions and civil societies that valued pluralism and liberal rights.
2017 Political tensions between PSUV and MUD escalated, resulting in violent demonstrations where an estimated 150 people died, and several opposition figures were subjected to politically motivated detentions.
2017 Violent political demonstrations between pro-government and opposition groups result in an estimated 150 deaths, highlighting the deepening political conflict.
2017 Maduro publicly expressed personal support for same-sex marriage, marking a shift from his previous homophobic rhetoric.

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