Public finance
Study of the role of government within the economy
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We include updates on Sovereign wealth fund, Financial endowment, Austerity, Monetary policy, Scholarship, Cost–benefit analysis, Build–operate–transfer, Inverted yield curve, Tuition payments, Resource allocation, Wagner's law, Sinking fund, Student loan, Federal grants in the United States, Monetary reform, Science policy ... and more.
| February 23 2025 |
Sovereign wealth fund
Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto announced a new sovereign wealth fund called Daya Anagata Nusantara (Danantara), expected to manage $900 billion in assets, with an initial $20 billion targeting natural resource processing, artificial intelligence, energy, and food security.
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| February 3 2025 |
Sovereign wealth fund
President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the creation of a United States sovereign wealth fund within the next year.
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| 2024 | France began a new austerity period |
| 2024 |
Sovereign wealth fund
United Kingdom launches the National Wealth Fund as a non-commodity sovereign wealth fund.
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| July 2024 |
Inverted yield curve
Despite widespread recession predictions, no recession had materialized; economic growth remained steady, and economists expected continued economic growth for the next two years
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| June 2024 |
Inverted yield curve
Yield curve begins re-steepening toward positive territory
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| 2023 |
Inverted yield curve
Questions raised about the predictive power of yield curve inversion due to labor shortage, low indebtedness, and widespread awareness of its historical predictive capabilities
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| 2023 | Finland began a new austerity period |
| 2023 |
Sovereign wealth fund
Philippines establishes the Maharlika Investment Fund as a new non-commodity sovereign wealth fund.
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| 2022 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Average full matriculation bachelor's degree tuition in Spain reaches 1,044 euros for the year.
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| 2022 |
Tuition fees in Spain
The fee equalization for qualifying master's degrees must be implemented across all autonomous communities before the start of the 2022-2023 academic year, resulting in a projected reduction of 10.5 million euros in tuition fee income.
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| 2022 | Argentina started another period of austerity |
| 2022 |
Income share agreement
Purdue University paused its Income Share Agreement (ISA) program for the 2022-2023 school year, reportedly due to the need to change payment-collection vendors.
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| 2022 |
Income share agreement
Jobs for the Future (JFF) published a comprehensive study analyzing 7,639 ISA contracts from 51 education providers, examining potential racial and gender disparities in contract terms and payment structures.
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| November 2022 |
Sovereign funds of China
China Investment Corporation advocated for promoting globalization and supporting the global economic recovery through free and open international investment.
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| July 2022 |
Inverted yield curve
Longest and deepest Treasury yield curve inversion in history begins as Federal Reserve sharply increases fed funds rate to combat inflation
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| 2021 |
Inverted yield curve
Beginning of inflation surge that prompted Federal Reserve to increase interest rates
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| 2021 | A study revealed that European incumbent governments that implemented austerity measures during the Great Recession lost support in opinion polls. |
| September 2021 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Academic year 2021-2022 begins with varying tuition fees across Spanish autonomous communities, with the Community of Madrid and Catalonia having the highest average credit prices at €23.4 and €23.1 respectively, while Galicia has the lowest at €11.9 per credit.
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| June 30 2021 |
Public bank
Government shareholding percentages for public banks in India were recorded, showing significant state ownership across multiple banks, ranging from 55% to 98.07%.
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| March 29 2021 |
Tuition fees in Spain
The General Conference on University Policy (CGPU) agreed to equalize matriculation fees for qualifying master's degrees with bachelor's degree fees. This decision was proposed by the Ministry of Universities and approved by absolute majority, with only the Community of Madrid voting against. The agreement aims to reduce economic barriers for students pursuing regulated professional activities.
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| 2020 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Five autonomous communities (Aragón, Catalonia, Valencian Community, Navarra, and La Rioja) began implementing tuition fee reductions for the 2020-2021 academic year.
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| 2020 | A study using survey experiments in the UK, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Germany found that voters strongly disapprove of austerity measures, particularly spending cuts. |
| 2020 | Mexico adopted austerity measures |
| 2020 | A comprehensive study examined the impact of austerity measures on default risk, finding that such policies increase default risk during severe fiscal stress but potentially reduce default risk in low fiscal stress scenarios. |
| 2020 |
Student loan
Total student loan debt reached $1.6 trillion, with 92% of student debt loaned directly by the federal government.
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| 2020 |
Student loan
During his presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised student loan forgiveness, with 64% of Americans supporting loan forgiveness of $10,000 for individuals earning up to $150,000 annually.
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| July 7 2020 |
Tuition fees in Spain
The tuition fee price limitation proposal was officially approved, establishing a national average of 16.05 euros per ECTS credit with a potential 15% maximum cost variation.
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| May 27 2020 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Manuel Castells, Minister of Universities, presented a proposal to autonomous community representatives to establish maximum public university prices, setting a mechanism to limit tuition fees across Spain.
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| May 5 2020 |
Tuition fees in Spain
The coalition government of PSOE and Unidas Podemos introduced Royal Decree-Law 17/2020, which included modifications to the public price regulation system for tuition fees, eliminating the fee brackets established in 2012 by the Wert law. The decree aimed to address disparities in university education costs across different Autonomous Communities and improve equal access to public higher education.
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| 2019 |
Tuition fees in Spain
By this year, the average price of bachelor's degree matriculation had increased by 17% since the implementation of Royal Decree 14/2012 in 2012.
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| 2019 |
Income share agreement
University of Utah launched its Income Share Agreement (ISA) program for students across all majors who are within 2 years of completing their degree, offering financial support between $3,000 and $10,000.
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| 2019 |
Student fee
During the fiscal year, undergraduate students at the University of New Hampshire paid $89 towards their Student Activity Fee, which is uniquely administered by an autonomous student government without faculty or staff advisors.
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| 2019 |
Public bank
NY State Senator James Sanders Jr. introduced the New York public banking act (S5565C), which proposed to legally establish public banks in New York State, define their operational guidelines, and mandate their incorporation as a benefit corporation.
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| October 2 2019 |
Public bank
Governor Gavin Newsom signed AB 857 into law, authorizing public ownership of stock in public banks to support local economic development and infrastructure needs.
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| October 2 2019 |
Public bank
Governor Gavin Newsom signed the California bill creating state- and city-owned banks for cannabis businesses into law.
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| September 13 2019 |
Public bank
The California state legislature approved AB 857, allowing local governments to start their own public banks.
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| July 2019 |
Student loan
Federal Pell Grant provides a maximum annual grant of $6,195 per student for the 2019-2020 award year.
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| March 2019 |
Public bank
San Francisco Office of the Treasurer & Tax Collector published a 151-page feasibility study for a public bank, analyzing three potential approaches with estimated startup costs ranging from $184 million to $3.9 billion.
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| February 19 2019 |
Public bank
Assemblymembers David Chiu and Miguel Santiago introduced AB 857 (the Public Banking Act) in the California state legislature, conceived by the California Public Banking Alliance.
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| 2018 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Further modifications were made to the tuition fee brackets through the General State Budget Law.
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| 2018 |
Tuition fees in Spain
During the 2018–2019 academic year, 29.9% of students enrolled in Spanish public universities obtained scholarship status, demonstrating significant financial support for higher education.
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| 2018 | Argentina entered a new austerity period that continued into 2019 |
| 2018 | Nicaragua adopted additional austerity policies |
| 2018 | Economists Alberto Alesina, Carlo A. Favero, and Francesco Giavazzi publish an analysis in Finance & Development arguing that spending cuts have minimal impact on output and can help reduce debt-to-GDP ratio. |
| 2018 |
Marginal cost of public funds
Jacobs published a critical analysis identifying four key problems with the marginal cost of public funds (MCF), highlighting conceptual challenges in taxation research including definitional inconsistencies and theoretical limitations in measuring tax efficiency.
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| 2018 |
Public bank
Los Angeles City Council introduced Measure B, a ballot measure to form a municipal bank, which was led by Public Bank LA and gained 44 percent of the vote despite not passing.
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| 2018 |
Public bank
California State Senate passed a bill to create state- and city-owned banks to serve cannabis businesses.
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| 2017 |
Tuition fees in Spain
Modifications were made to the tuition fee brackets through the General State Budget Law.
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Student fee, Forced rider, Austerity, Inverted yield curve, Tuition fees in Spain, Public bank, Marginal cost of public funds, Income share agreement, Student loan, Sovereign wealth fund & Sovereign funds of China, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.